Frenkel-Kontorova-Tomlinson Model

The Frenkel-Kontorova model is a harmonic chain (mimic a soft layer of atoms) contected to a rigid upper plate via leaf springs. The chain feels a spatially periodic potential (mimic the substrate). The upper plate is driven by a constant velocity. The chain is damped by a velocity-proportional damping forces (emitting waves into the substrate and into the upper plate).

The equations of motion: Boundary conditions:

• periodic:
• open:

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